Cooling system.



G. M. EATON & s. W'. FARNSWORTH. COOLING SYSTEM.

WITNESSES:,-

APPLICATION FILED .IULY I3. 1914,

1- v r/ $4 124! w ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

GEORGE M. EATON AND SILDIIEY W'. FARNSWORTH, OF PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA,

ELSSIG-NQELS E0 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A. GOR- PORATIGN OF PENNSYLVANIA.

CQQLING SYS'IEIVI.

Lldll'fii {3.

Application filed. July 13,

To all whom it M my concern Be it known that we, Gannon M. Enron and SIDNEY lV. Flinnswon'rn, citizens of the United States, and residents of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cooling Systems, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to a cooling systemfor vapor rectifiers, X-ray tubes, and other types of vacuum electric apparatus. and it has for its object to provide means whereby certain parts of the apparatus may be maintained. at a predetermined difference of temperature "rom certain other partsof. the apparatus and whereby uch predetermined temperature difi erence may be readily ad' 1. is a view, partially in section and part in elevation, of a vapor rectifier e1-..bod ving our invention; Fig, 2 is a view, partially in section and partially in elevation, of a modification of our invention as applied to a vapor rectifier; and Fig. 3 is an enlarged view, in section, of the anode shown in Fig. 1.

In the operationof vapor rectifiers and like apparatus, it is essential to satisfactory operation that the temperature of the electrodes be kept-within reasonable limits and that the relative temperatures of different electrodes be capable of definite control. The cooling of vapor rectifiers of large sizes is generally accomplished by circulating Water and, since it is desirable to maintain the anodes of such devices at a higher temperature than the cathodes, it is customary to pass the circulating water through the cathode cooling space prior to passing it through the anode-cooling space. .Vith dift'erent loads and voltages, it is essen ial that the ratio o1 the anode temperatureto' the cathode temperature be altered, and on; invent-ion provides an effective means wherebyl'ithis resultmaybe attained.

Referring to the form of our invention shown'in Figs. 1 and 3, iis a containing receptacle of any desired material, such as sheet steel, provided with a tight cover 5. An anode 6 projects through the cover and is insulated therefrom by any suitable gas-tight joint 7 and is supplied with current bya conductor 8. A pool of mercury 9 Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 9, 1915.

1914. Serial No. 850,727.

in the bottom of the container -l acts as the cathode, and current is supplied thereto by a conductor 10 clamped directly to the cover. The cathode is maintained in. activity by i any suitable means, such, for example, as a keep-alive circuit indicated at 11. A casing 12 surrounds the container 4 and is spaced therefrom to provide a cooling jacket 13. The anode 6 is hollow, and a tube 1 1 projects thereinto nearly to the lower end thereof. An annular sleeve 15 surrounds the lower end of the tube 14: and extends to a point adjacent the end of the anode. A rod 16 is provided whereby the sleeve 15 may be raised and lowered as desired. Cooling fluid is supplied to the space 13 by a pipe 17 and flows therefrom through a pipe 18 of rubber or other insulating material and in each of these two paths may be adjusted by raising and lowering the sleeve 15. The flow indicated by the arrows 19 cools the active portions of the anode, and this stream then unites with that indicated by the arrows 20, passing upwardly through the annular space between the tube 14 and the neck of the anode and passing off through a pipe 21 provided with a suitable insu v la-ting joint 22. The cathode will be main tained at a lower temperature than the anode, since the cooling fluid impinges thereupon when at its lowest temperaturaand the anode may be maintained at a predetermined temperature above the cathode by means of the sleeve 15. By lowering the sleeve 15, the supply ofg cooling fluid to the anode is decreased and its temperature a1- lovvfed to rise and vice 'verse,- If desired the sleeve may be fastened in-position.

Referring to the form'of our device shown in F ig. 2, a rectifier similar in all its general features to that of Fig. 1 is supplied with cooling fluid through a pipe 23, A. tube extends nearly to the end of the anode not provided Withe sleeve such. as that 'wn in Fig. 1. A valve 25 is provided 111 the pipe and by-pass 26 is'l connected around this valve and the cooling space of the anode, taking cooling fluid directly from the pipe 27 to the out-flow pipe 28. A valve 20 is inserted in the by-pass 26. By opening the valve 25 and closing the valve 29, the amount of cooling fluid passing through the anode may be increased with consequent lowering of its temperature with respect to the cathode and, conversely,

the closing of the valve 25 and they opening of the valve 29 will decrease the amount of cooling fluid-passing through the anode and will cause its temperature to rise with respect to that of the cathode.

lVhile we have shown our invention in twoseparate embodiments, we do not desire to have it restricted thereto but desire it to cover broadly any and all means whereby the amount of cooling fluid passing through one electrode cooling space may be adjusted with respect to the amount of cooling fluid passing through another electrode cooling space.

Only such restrictions and limitations should be placed upon our invention as are indicated in the appended claims.

We claim as our invention:

1. Thecombination with two heat-generating members, of means for maintaining them at a predetermined difference of temperature comprising a source of cooling fluid, means for supplying cooling fluid from said source-to a heat-radiating surface of one of said members, and means for supplying a portion only of said cooling fluid to a heatradiating surface of the other member.

2. The combination with two heat-generating members, of means for maintaining them at a predetermined difference of temperature comprising a source of cooling uid, means for supplying cooling fluid from said source to a heat radiating surface of one of said members, means for supplying a portion only of said cooling fluid to a heatradiating surface of the other member, and

means for varying the temperature difference between the two members by varying the relative amounts of the cooling fluid sup plied to the heat-radiating surfaces of the two members. I R

3'. The combination with two heat-generating members, of means for maintaining them at 'a predetermined difference of temperatiu'e comprising a source of cooling fluid, means for supplying cooling. fluid from said source to a heat-radiating surface of' one of said members, means for supplying a portion only of said cooling fluid to a heatradiating surface of the other member, and means for by-passing the remainder of said cooling fluid around the heat-radiating surface of the second member.

4. The combination with two heat-generating members, of means for maintaining them at a predetermined difference of temperature comprising a source of cooling fluid, means for supplying cooling fluid from said source to .a heat-radiating surface of one of said members, means for supplying a portion only of said cooling fluid to a heatradiating surface of the other member, means for by-passing the remainder of said cooling fluid around the heat-radiating surface of the second member, and means for varying the relative amounts of cooling fluid passing over the heat radiating surface of the second member and through the bypass thereto.

5. The combination with a vapor rectifier comprising an evacuated container having a main anode anda cathode therein, of cooling means adjacent the cathode, cooling means adjacent the anode, means for passing a stream of cooling fluid. through the oathode-cooling means, ,and means for passing comprising an evacuated container, a jack- 100 eted'cathode and a hollow anode, a tube for supplying cooling fiuid to the cathode jacket, a tube for conveying said cooling .fluid from the cathode jacket to the interior of the anode, a baffle plate within the anode for 105 shielding the heat-dissipat'ingsurfaces thereof from a portion of said cooling fluid, and a tube for conveying thecooling fluid from the anode.

8. The combination with-a vapor rectifier .110

comprising an evacuated container, a jacketed cathode and a hollow anode, a'tube for supplying cooling fluid to the cathode acket,'a tube for conveying said cooling fluid from the cathode jacket to the interior of the anode, an adjustable baflle plate with in the anode for shielding the heat-dissipating surfaces thereof from a portion of said cooling fluid, and a tube for conveying the cooling fluid from the anode.

9. The combination with an evacuated container, of a cathode therein, a cooling jacket surrounding the cathode. a hollow anode, a tube projecting into said hollow anode. and terminating adjacent the end thereof, a pa ripheral baflie surrounding the end of said tube and extending into proximity to the end of the anode, and means for passing a stream of cooling fluid through the cathode and the anode,

a portion of said stream be- 3 inf; diverted from the hot surfaces of the anode by said liaflle plate.

10. The combination with a vapor rectifier comprising an evacuated container, a jacketed cathode, and a hollow anode, means for supplying cooling fluid to the 'athodejacket, means for conveying the cooling fluid from the 'athode jacket through the anode, and means for forcing part of the cooling fluid to come into contact with the heat radiating surface of the anode and for preventing the remaining part of the cooling fluid from coming in contact with the heatradiating surface of the anode.

11. The combination with a vapor rectifier comprising an evacuated container, a jacketed cathode, and, a hollow anode, means fo-1"supplying cooling fluid to the cathode jacket, means for conveying the cooling fluid from the cathode jacket through the anode, means for forcing part of the cooling fluid to come into contact with theheat-radiating surface of theanode and forepreventing the remaining part of the cooling fluid from coming in contact \viththc heat-radiating surface of the anode, and means for adjusting the amount of cooling fiuid'forced into contact with the heat-generating surface of th anode.

In testimony whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names this 30th day of June, 1914.

I GEORGE M, EATON: SIDNEY \V. FARNSNURTH.

itnesses:

M. C. Mnnz, B. B7 Hmns. 

